...Journal of Sociology and Education in Africa – Vol.4 No.2: June 2006 INSTITUTING ACADEMIC INTEGRITY IN NIGERIAN UNIVERSITIES: PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES OF MORALITY AND MOTIVATION Olabisi Olasehinde-Williams Department of EductgionalFoundations University of Ilorin, Nigeria ABSTRACT This paper explores the issue of academic integrity in Nigerian universities from the psychological perspectives of morality and motivation. The need and procedure for confronting the problem of academic dishonesty via academic integrity policy are advocated; and specific obligations and responsibilities of academic staff, students and administration in evolving academic integrity climate in universities are identified. Collaborative efforts among universities in engendering academic integrity climate; and collaborative research work in related areas are considered important and called for in the paper. INTRODUCTION It is no longer news that academic dishonesty remains one of the major challenges of the Nigerian education system (Olasehinde, 2000; Olasehinde-Williams, Abdullahi & Owolabi, 2003). – Literature is also replete with plausible explanations for the ‘culture’ of academic dishonesty (Olasehinde et al. 2003); and researchers have proposed variety of methods of dealing with the same (Crown & Spiller, 1998; Marzean, 2001). Deriving from such proposals for instance, it is new commonplace in most universities, to take such measures as alternate seating arrangements and identity checks in order...
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...Career Goals Paper Jennifer Barth PSY/215 6/22/2015 Linda Porcaro Career Goals Paper My career assessment test turned out just the way I thought it would the results was very interesting. From the assessment test the results touched base in many areas for the career I’m interested in such as psychology. My test results are : * conscious of existence , meaning, purpose, potential and destiny of humankind, people, and self. * Motivated by a self-felt, self-accepted calling to cause of good , growth, and gain in the lives of others. Influential communication of ideas is a primary way of achieving those objectives. Perception and thinking tend to be holistic and conceptual ; as myself seeing the big picture. Working with people my results showed how I will interact of a person with other persons. The results explains that I feel both privilege and responsibility to use communication ( including persuasion) to voluntarily provide beneficial information to others. This includes strongly motivated benevolent and literary traits. Self – satisfaction comes almost exclusively from the subjective realization that the information , voluntary given, has been helpful to others. Further it stated that my motivation to learn and understand the other persons needs wishes and listening preferences. Non-persuasive service communication can become persuasive and persistent when expressed in the interest of someone needing such as myself standing up for them. Along working with...
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...Critical Thinking Analysis of Cliffside Holding Company Memo Lisa A. Farinelli University of Maryland University College 1209 AMBA 610 9043 10/9/2012 Professor Bonnie Peter Abstract This paper demonstrates the application of the critical thinking and systems thinking models to analyze complex organizational issues. To illustrate the benefits of using such a model, one sample memo originating from a Cliffside Holding Company of Massapequa will be referenced. The 10-steps of Critical Thinking defined in asking the Right Questions, Browne (2012) will guide this discussion. A summation of findings and suggestions for future readings concludes this discussion. Asking the Right Questions What are the issue and conclusions? The first step to appreciating the authenticity and credibility of the work is to identify the issue as well as the conclusion purported by its author. Browne (2012) defines the issue as the question or controversy that is responsible for the discussion, the actual stimulus (p. 19). In the memo by A. Ravaswami to one of his colleagues, the issue raised is whether a leadership development program is even necessary (A. Ravaswami, personal communication, October 10, 2012). This is an example of an explicitly stated prescriptive issue. The author is raising the question as to what is the proper route for training his top-level executives. The answer to this will involve ethical, moral and personal viewpoints and is therefore a prescriptive issue...
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...The Analysis of Innovation Systems through Quantitatve and Qualitative Research As with many aspects of social sciences, assessing innovation is easier said than done. It is necessary to properly understand the dynamics of innovation There are various ways of studying innovation. In particular, innovation systems help put innovation into a broader context. The first step to better understanding innovation is to understand what exactly an innovation system is. However, even when defining something as simple as an defining an innovation system, there isn’t a full consensus. H Lundvall (1992) and Edquist (1997) put forward the idea that innovation should be studied as a dynamic and holistic process involving institutions, organizations and...
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...CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.0 Background of Study Nowadays, integrity issues become frequently discuss and report among reporters and society. As we know, integrity is a part of ethical values that shows the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles. It is important to be integrity person to ensure the task or jobs are more honest and there is no abuse of power among the public or private employees. The situation can be seen in several countries, there are a lot of unethical behaviors from employer or employees. There must be a reason unethical behavior happened. So, whistle-blowing protection was introduced in order to prevent any unethically behaviors in organization such as fraud, corruption, abuse of power and so on. Whistle-blowing has been defined as ‘disclosure by a current of former organization member of illegal, inefficient, or unethical practices in a organization to a person or parties who have the power or resources to take action ( Near and Meceli, 1985). It continues to receive media intention (Vinten, 1997). Whistle blowing is a deliberate non-obligatory act of disclosure, which gets onto public record and is made by a person who has or had privileged access to data or information of an organization, about non-trivial illegality or other wrongdoing whether actual, suspected or anticipated which implicates and is under the control of that organization, to an external entity having potential to rectify the wrong doing. Whistleblowing is...
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...No: Date: The author’s objective of this paper is to investigate the difference between a manager and a leader. There are numerous discussions around whether a manager is a leader and are leaders born or made. This paper will discuss various theories relating to managers and leaders and their differences. In order to complete the research there are different ways of interpreting the data. The author will be completing an inductive research assignment with an interpretivism approach. When undertaking and presenting research, it is done with the objective of accumulating knowledge. The author will be using this approach as, although there are a number of management and leadership models and theories a number of conclusions drawn in the journals and books are the thoughts and opinions of the individual authors not necessarily facts. In research there are two methods of reasoning; deductive and inductive. There are also two approaches that can be used positivism and interpretivism the author will briefly summarize these methods. Ehow (2011) sums up inductive and deductive reasoning - ‘Inductive reasoning moves from the specific to the general. Deductive reasoning moves from the general to the specific Deductive reasoning arrives at a conclusion based on generalizations. The basis of the argument supports the conclusion so as long as the basis is strong it would be unrealistic for the conclusion not to be true. Inductive reasoning is based on the principle that an idea would...
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...Who are you? Many aspects can determine who you are as an individual. Personality can be how you show who you are to those around you but how is this determined or made up? In this paper, personality will not only be defined but the theoretical approaches in studying personality will be examined as well as analyzing factors that may influence the development of personality. Personality is also affected by many factors in your life such as your genes, your environment and even the successes and failures in your life. What is personality? As there is not one specific definition, the word originates from the latin word persona and while many personality theorists according to Feist and Feist, 2009, personality can be known as a pattern of relatively permanent traits and unique characteristics that give both consistency and individuality to a person’s behavior. Many people view personality as the way that you may interact with those around you, how you handle situations and even the way that you are remembered. Different personality traits can be quiet, outgoing, calm, etc. Personality is much like fingerprints, no two people have the same personality, they may have similar traits or characteristics but not the exact same personality. Personalities are very complex factors that make up who you are inevitably this is why there may not be a specific definition for this word. Personality theorists have worked towards this but have only been able to agree to the belief that was stated...
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...Problem Solving Paper Psych. 560 June 24, 2013 Prof. Pitt Problem Solving Paper Problem solving skills are a necessity in order to make effective decisions and manage a team. Without problem solving skills it is impossible for one to be credible and make reliable decisions each and every time. Problem-solving is a mental process that is used to discover, analyze, and solve problems. When problem solving, the ultimate goal is to conquer hurdles and come up with the best solution. Discovering and identifying the Problem can be complicated process. When individuals mistakenly identify the source of a problem incorrectly it will most often lead to inefficient or useless attempts to solve it. The aim of this paper is to identify the approaches to the study of problem-solving and inform the role of insight and creativity in the process of problem solving. The paper also seeks to examine issues with representation and solution. As well as examining the role of reasoning, judgment, and decision making in the process of problem-solving. Approaches to the Study of Problem-Solving The approaches to the study of problem solving include Behaviorism, Gestalt psychology and Cognitive Psychology. Behaviorism concentrates on what goes on in minds and solemnly focuses on general behavior. Discovered in the early twenties by John Watson but made popular by B.F Skinner, behaviorism concentrates on what goes on in minds and solemnly focuses on general behavior. They came up with a principle...
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...The key research question is as follows: “What psychological motivation causes females to become suicide bombers?” Differences in motivations have been noted between various categories of terrorists. It would thus be insightful to determine the psychological factors that lead to female suicide bombing. In the past, it was always assumed that suicide bombers are unemployed men who have been indoctrinated into believing that they will receive rewards for their attacks in the afterlife by living in paradise. Therefore, the predominant profile has been: male, young, economically deprived, and religiously extreme. However, women have altered this perception because their emergence signifies shifting motivations. One’s motivation is tied to one’s...
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...College Abstract Self-esteem is an individual's estimate of one's own self worth, the extent of individual views of good, competence, and decent. Within this activity paper we will discuss why self esteem is important, and why there are discrepancies between the actual self and the ideal self. This paper will discuss the theory of cognitive dissonance in regards to the self-evaluation theory, self-affirmation theory and the realization trap while defining the self-discrepancy theory. The need for high individual self-esteem may lead to irrational logic and individual actions against their own best interest as will be theoretically supported throughout this paper. Concluding that our teams position, will support the theory that individual competence may be inaccurate at times to maintain individual self-esteem. Self-esteem is defined as an individual’s estimate of his or hers own self-worth and the extent of individual views of what is good competent and decent. This activity paper will discuss the importance of self-esteem and explore any discrepancies between the actual self and the ideal self. The theory of cognitive dissonance as it relates to the self-evaluation theory, self-affirmation theory and the realization trap will be covered while also defining the self-discrepancy theory. This paper will theoretically support the concept of the need for high individual self-esteem and how it may lead to irrational logic and individual actions that work against a person’s...
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...ECOCENTRISM AND ANTHROPOCENTRISM: MORAL REASONING ABOUT ECOLOGICAL COMMONS DILEMMAS KATHERINE V. KORTENKAMP AND COLLEEN F. MOORE University of WisconsinMadison Abstract When do humans extend their ethical scope to include nature? Anthropocentrism and ecocentrism are two ways of understanding an extension of ethics to nature. In an anthropocentric ethic nature deserves moral consideration because how nature is treated a¡ects humans. In an ecocentric ethic nature deserves moral consideration because nature has intrinsic value. In two experiments participants (n=91 and 84) generated moral reasoning responses to ecological moral dilemmas. The reasoning was coded as ecocentric, anthropocentric, or nonenvironmental (i.e., social contracts, truthfulness). Individual di¡erences and situational variables were examined in relation to moral reasoning about ecological dilemmas. Pro-environmental attitudes were related to more ecocentrica nd anthropocentrica nd less nonenvironmental reasoning. The presence of information about the impact of ecological damage on the environment, especially a more ‘‘wild’’ environment, elicited more ecocentric reasoning, while the presence of a social commitment elicited more nonenvironmental moral reasoning. The implications of the research for con£icts over environmental commons dilemmas are discussed. # 2001 Academic Press Ecocentrism and Anthropocentrism: Moral Reasoning about Ecological Dilemmas There is as yet no ethicd ealing with...
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...Chapter I - Introduction (1.1) Title of the Research Project “An analysis of factors contributing to undue delays in the selection process of the Banking Trainees in the XYZ Bank”. (1.2) Definition of the Research area A critical review of the Bank’s selections process of Banking Trainees. (1.3) Statement of the Problem The total Banking Trainee budget for the year is around 300. However the recruitment unit will not be able to provide the budgetary requirement at the correct time due to undue delays in the selection process. The following key problems are caused to affect the Banking Trainee selection process. • Lack of technical competencies • Lengthy selection tools • Too more Documentation (1.4) Objectives of the Studies General Objectives Successfully completion of the professional Qualification in Human Resource Management conducted by IPM To improve my knowledge related to the Research methodology and Human Resource Management To give inputs to up brings the effectiveness of the Banking Trainee selection process of the Bank Specific objective To identify the factors affecting to delaying the selection process Create solution to improve the effectiveness of the selection process Fine tune the existing Banking trainee selection process (1.5) Scope of investigation Have to consider standard and time saving selection process in the field According to Research, Researcher would like to address the best practices...
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...causing ozone loss III. Fallout and its effects on the environment f. How people are exposed to fallout g. The effects of this exposure h. How long nuclear fallout last The atomic bomb is our single greatest piece of technology and also the worst piece of destruction we have ever created. It is because of the research in to nuclear weapons that we have had some of our greatest technological breakthroughs in electrical power and medicine. On the other hand, it is this research and testing that have changed our world completely and not for the better. According to Ramesh Thakur “When Manhattan project director J Robert Oppenheim first saw a nuclear explosion he quoted the bhagavad gita”Now I am become death, the shatterer of worlds”” (28). Because of all the superpowers dependence on nuclear weapons we are getting closer to seeing our worst nightmares of an all-out nuclear war becoming a reality. It is through the accident at the Chernobyl power plant and the dropping of the atomic weapons on Hiroshima and Nagasaki that gave scientist insight into the short and long term effects of nuclear war on the environment. Through research it has been determined that if enough nuclear weapons were exploded in a large scale nuclear war, it would make large areas of our planet uninhabitable and almost completely destroy our environment. First off there are...
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...Section A: Audit Practice Part b (i): Why is the audit of cash important part of the audit? From an auditing standpoint, cash is an important account because cash transactions affect all other business and financial processes. Businesses acquire cash by selling goods or services, disposing of fixed assets, or acquiring debt or equity. The same businesses put their cash to use through purchasing, paying employees, and buying inventory. Audits are an important part of business. Cash audits check that money has been handled properly, and performance audits ascertain whether employees are doing their jobs properly. Corporations are likely to undergo tax audits to ensure proper tax reporting and withholding. Audits may be performed in-house by management or human resources, by a third-party consulting firm hired specifically to perform the audits or by IRS agents who are auditing company tax records. The audit of cash is considered an important part of an audit mainly due to almost all business transactions will be ultimately settled through the cash accounts, the audit of cash accounts also assists in the verification of other asset and liability accounts as well as revenue and expenses. Some of the investor relies on the accuracy of the cash account to evaluate the financial health of the company. They use current asset which include the cash account to compute several financial measures. Other than that, cash is the highly liquid asset in a company and it is an area of high...
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...constantly challenging existing principles and performing certain methods to ensure our growth both physically and mentally. Many claim that contemporary society needs a skill called critical thinking to adapt and survive. Critical thinking is a higher level of intellectual progression that makes use of diverse information, skills and attitudes in interpreting situations and confronting problems. Critical thinking is done by everyone, it is all around us. But how many of us actually understand the critical thinking model created by Browne and Keeley? Critical thinking can only be effective if the one who engages in the process understands the 11 questions and steps created by Browne and Keeley while adapting them to each situation. This paper is an attempt to evaluate and converse the nature of critical thinking as an intellectual process based on the given situation (ex. the memo to evaluate the merit of Ms. Forsythe’s proposal to establish and fund a new leadership development program for junior insurance executives). Critical Thinking: According to Brown and Keeley (2007) critical thinking is an organized intellectual process that an individual undergoes while using all the information that is available from the environment to analyze situations, solve problems, develop logical conclusions, evaluate probabilities, and formulate decisions. Unfortunately, critical thinking is multifaceted and is not a simple process; rather it requires the ability for individuals...
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